ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﻠﺪﻭﻥ
$1.99About ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﻠﺪﻭﻥ
The Arabic book "Mokademat Ibn Khladoon" by Ibn Khladoon
ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻫﻮ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺃﻟﻔﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﻠﺪﻭﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ 1377ﻡ ﻛﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﺍﻟﻀﺨﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺳﻮﻡ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺮ. ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻻﺣﻘﺎ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﺎ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻼ ﺫﺍ ﻃﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻋﻲ ﺇﺫ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻣﻴﺎﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ . ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﻃﺒﺎﺋﻌﻬﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻭﺃﺛﺮﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ. ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺏ ﻭﻧﺸﻮء ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻧﻬﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺒﻴﺔ. ﺑﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﻠﺪﻭﻥ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻜﺮﻳﻦ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺭﺍء ﻭﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ، ﺣﺘﻰ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎ ﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ، ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻠﺴﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻲ ﺃﻭﻏﺴﺖ ﻛﻮﻧﺖ .
ﻳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺘﻴﻦ ﻓﺼﻼ ﻫﻮ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﺍﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻬﺘﻢ ﺑﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ. ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﺮﺟﻢ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺔ، ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻜﺰ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﻠﺪﻭﻥ ﻭﺷﻬﺮﺗﻪ
ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻫﻮ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺃﻟﻔﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﻠﺪﻭﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ 1377ﻡ ﻛﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﺍﻟﻀﺨﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺳﻮﻡ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺮ. ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻻﺣﻘﺎ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﺎ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻼ ﺫﺍ ﻃﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻋﻲ ﺇﺫ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻣﻴﺎﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ . ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﻃﺒﺎﺋﻌﻬﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻭﺃﺛﺮﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ. ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺏ ﻭﻧﺸﻮء ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻧﻬﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺒﻴﺔ. ﺑﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﻠﺪﻭﻥ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻜﺮﻳﻦ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺭﺍء ﻭﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ، ﺣﺘﻰ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎ ﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ، ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻠﺴﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻲ ﺃﻭﻏﺴﺖ ﻛﻮﻧﺖ .
ﻳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺘﻴﻦ ﻓﺼﻼ ﻫﻮ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﺍﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻬﺘﻢ ﺑﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ. ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﺮﺟﻢ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺔ، ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻜﺰ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﻠﺪﻭﻥ ﻭﺷﻬﺮﺗﻪ
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:ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺮ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ
ﺗﻢ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺩﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻗﺮﺍءﺓ ﻣﺮﻳﺤﺔ
ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺟﻬﺎﺯﻙ ﻳﺪﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺼﻴﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﺗﻢ ﺩﻋﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ
ﺗﻢ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﺧﻔﺎء ﺍﻷﺯﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍءﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻭﻳﺘﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻸﺯﺭﺍﺭ
ﺗﻢ ﺩﻋﻢ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﺳﻔﻞ ﺑﻀﻐﻄﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﺑﺎﻻﺻﺒﻊ..ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ
ﺗﻢ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺩﻋﻢ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻟﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍءﺓ
ﺗﻢ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻢ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﺬﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ
:ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺮ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ
ﺗﻢ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺩﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻗﺮﺍءﺓ ﻣﺮﻳﺤﺔ
ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺟﻬﺎﺯﻙ ﻳﺪﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺼﻴﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﺗﻢ ﺩﻋﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ
ﺗﻢ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﺧﻔﺎء ﺍﻷﺯﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍءﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻭﻳﺘﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻸﺯﺭﺍﺭ
ﺗﻢ ﺩﻋﻢ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﺳﻔﻞ ﺑﻀﻐﻄﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﺑﺎﻻﺻﺒﻊ..ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ
ﺗﻢ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺩﻋﻢ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻟﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍءﺓ
ﺗﻢ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻢ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﺬﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ
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More downloads ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﻠﺪﻭﻥ reached 100 - 500 downloads
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