四小名著

中国四小名著是指四部著名小说的统称。中国的四小名著是《封神演义》、《儒林外史》、《三侠五义》《聊斋志异》。

《封神演义》，俗称《封神榜》，又名《商周列国全传》、《武王伐纣外史》、《封神传》，中国神魔小说，为明代陈仲琳所作，约成书于隆庆、万历年间。全书共一百回。《封神演义》以姜子牙辅佐周室（周文王、周武王）讨伐商纣的历史为背景，描写了阐教、截教诸仙斗智斗勇、破阵斩将封神的故事。包含了大量民间传说和神话。有姜子牙、哪吒等生动、鲜明的形象，最后以姜子牙封诸神和周武王封诸侯结尾。

《 儒林外史》是由清代吴敬梓创作的长篇小说（也称章回小说），是我国古代讽刺文学的典范。全书共五十六回，描写了近两百个人物。小说假托明代，实际反映的是康乾时期科举制度下读书人的功名和生活。吴敬梓对生活在封建末世和科举制度下的封建文人群像的成功塑造，以及对吃人的科举、礼教和腐败事态的生动描绘，使他成为我国文学史上批判现实主义的杰出作家之一。

《三侠五义》，作者石玉昆，是古典长篇侠义公案小说经典之作。“三侠”是指北侠欧阳春、南侠展昭、丁氏双侠丁兆兰、丁兆蕙二人为一侠；“五义”是指钻天鼠卢方、彻地鼠韩彰、钻山鼠徐庆，翻江鼠蒋平，锦毛鼠白玉堂这五鼠弟兄。小说把侠客义士的除暴安良行为，与保护官府大臣、为国立功结合起来，南侠、五鼠均被授皇家护卫，表现了宣扬忠义和维护社会秩序的思想。

《聊斋志异》，简称《聊斋》，俗名《鬼狐传》，是中国清代著名小说家蒲松龄创作的一部文言短篇小说集。全书共有短篇小说491篇。题材非常广泛，内容极其丰富，艺术成就很高。作品成功地塑造了众多的艺术典型，人物形象鲜明生动，故事情节曲折离奇，结构布局严谨巧妙，文笔简练，描写细腻，堪称中国古典文言短篇小说之巅峰。《聊斋志异》多数小说是通过幻想的形式谈狐说鬼，但内容却深深地扎根于现实生活的土壤之中，曲折地反映了蒲松龄所生活的时代的社会矛盾和人民的思想愿望，熔铸进了作家对生活的独特的感受和认识。 China four small masterpiece refers collectively four famous novels. China's four small masterpiece is "Gods", "The Scholars", "Chivalric Heroes" "Strange."

"Gods", commonly known as "Gods", also known as "Shang and Zhou nations Biography," "King Wu Unofficial History", "Gods Biography" Chinese Ghost Stories, made in the Ming Dynasty Chen Zhonglin, approximately in Longqing, Wanli years. The book is a hundred back. "Gods" in Bloomer assisted Zhou room (emperor, King Wu of Zhou) Shang Zhou crusade against the historical background, describes illustrates teach, teach Zhu Xian cut wits, Destroys cut the Gods story. It contains a lot of folklore and mythology. There is a late-bloomer, us and so vivid, sharp image, and finally seal a late-bloomer Gods and King Wu of Zhou princes end to seal.

"The Scholars" by the creation of Wu Qing Dynasty novel (also called Chapters Novel), is a model of China's ancient satire. The book fifty-six back, describing the nearly two hundred individual objects. Ming Dynasty novel pretext, actually reflects the imperial examination system under study Kangxi and Qianlong period of fame and life of people. Jingzi living in the last days and the feudal imperial examination system of feudal literati group portrait of successful shaping, as well as man-eating depicts the imperial, ethics and corruption of the situation, making him one of the outstanding writers of critical realism of our literary history.

"Chivalric Heroes" by Shi Yukun, classical long chivalrous koan novel classic. "Romance" refers to North Xia Ouyang Chun, Chan Chao Nan Xia, Ding Shuangxia Dingzhao Lan, Ding Zhaohui two of a Man; "Five righteousness" refers Rhinestone mouse Lu Fang, Toru hamster Han Chang, Xu drilling woodchuck celebration, fanjiang mouse Jiang Ping, Jin Mao Shu INTERACTIVE five rat brethren. The getting rid of the novel knight righteous behavior, and protection of official minister, meritorious service for the country combined, South Xia, five rats were granted royal guard, showing loyalty and maintain social order to promote the idea.

"Strange", referred to as "Ghost Story", the common name "ghost Fox Biography", is a classical collection of short stories Chinese Qing dynasty novelist Pu Creation. A total of 491 short stories book. Theme is very extensive, extremely rich content, high artistic achievement. Works successfully created numerous art typical, vivid characters, the story twists and turns, bizarre, ingenious structure and layout of rigorous, writing concise, delicate description, called the pinnacle of classical Chinese Classical Short Stories. "Strange" Most fiction is to talk about the form of fantasy Fox said the ghost, but the content is deeply rooted in the soil of real life among the twists and turns reflects the ideological contradictions and social aspirations of the people are living in the era of Pu , cast into the author of life unique experience and understanding.