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What is Schengen area and Schengen visa?
A Schengen visa is an entry permit for a short, temporary stay for less than 90 days within a 180-day period. A Schengen visa issued by one of the Schengen countries allows a person to travel within the whole Schengen area. Applying for a visa does not guarantee issuance. A visa issued by a Schengen country permits free movement within the Schengen area, unless otherwise stated on the visa sticker. A visa does not provide an automatic right to entry and thus visa holders are requested to present proof that they meet the entry requirements at the external border.
Schengen member states are: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. Great Britain, Ireland, Croatia, Cyprus, Bulgaria and Romania have not signed the Schengen contract.
Visa Code (810/2009/EC) is applied in all Schengen countries when processing Schengen visas. The visa code is a Regulation of the European Parliament and the Council.
Who needs a visa to Finland?
US citizens do not need to obtain a visa if they stay in Finland for less than 90 days within a 180-day period but their passport shall be valid for a minimum of three months after the journey. When staying in Finland for a longer period of time, a residence permit which is issued by the Finnish Immigration Service is required (see Residence permits).
If you are a foreign national requiring a visa, you must have one when entering the Schengen area. If you would normally need a visa but have a valid residence permit in one of the Schengen countries, you do not need a visa to enter another Schengen country.
Please check if you need a visa to enter the Schengen area and which travel documents are accepted by Finland:
Visa requirements and travel documents accepted by Finland
Information for a Foreign National Requiring a Visa